KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK BENNY RHAMDANI: IMPLEMENTASI POLITIK PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA MELALUI KEBIJAKAN CREDENTIAL LETTER PERIODE 2020-2024

Abstrak

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menganalisis peran, gaya kepemimpinan politik, dan dimensi politik dalam kebijakan Credential Letter (LoC) yang digagas oleh Benny Rhamdani selama menjabat Kepala Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI) periode 2020-2024. Latar belakang penelitian adalah persoalan struktural perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) seperti penempatan non-prosedural, kekerasan, perdagangan orang, dan lemahnya posisi tawar PMI di negara penempatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data primer dari wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap delapan informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive, meliputi pembuat kebijakan, pelaksana teknis, ketua organisasi buruh migran, akademisi kebijakan publik dan ilmu politik, serta PMI aktif di Jepang. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, dengan keabsahan data melalui triangulasi sumber, member check, dan audit trail. Kerangka analisis menggabungkan teori kepemimpinan transformasional Burns yang dioperasionalkan melalui Four I’s Bass (Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration), kerangka adaptasi kepemimpinan Yukl, konsep legitimasi Kane, sistem politik Easton, siklus kebijakan publik Dunn, serta model mixed scanning Etzioni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan Benny Rhamdani menunjukkan karakter transformasional yang sangat kuat pada tahap formulasi kebijakan, namun implementasi dan evaluasi kebijakan Credential Letter masih menghadapi kesenjangan terkait pemerataan cakupan (terbatas pada skema G to G), keterbatasan mekanisme monitoring formal, dan ketergantungan pada kepatuhan negara tujuan. Kebijakan ini mengandung empat dimensi politik, dengan dimensi kehadiran simbolik negara sebagai yang paling kuat, sementara dimensi penguatan posisi tawar dan kepatuhan pemberi kerja bersifat kontekstual. Berakhirnya kebijakan pasca-pergantian kepemimpinan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan berbasis visi personal memerlukan pelembagaan regulatif untuk keberlanjutan.

Kata Kunci: kepemimpinan politik; kepemimpinan transformasional; kebijakan publik; politik perlindungan; Credential Letter; pekerja migran Indonesia; BP2MI

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the role, political leadership style, and political dimensions of the Credential Letter (LoC) policy initiated by Benny Rhamdani as Head of the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) for the 2020-2024 period. The research is motivated by structural issues in the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI), such as non-procedural placement, violence, human trafficking, and weak bargaining power in destination countries. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight key informants selected by purposive sampling, including policymakers, technical implementers, migrant labor organization leaders, public policy and political science academics, and active PMI in Japan. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model and validated through source triangulation, member check, and audit trail. The analytical framework combines Burns' transformational leadership theory operationalized through Bass's Four I's, Yukl's contextual leadership adaptation, Kane's legitimacy concept, Easton's political system, Dunn's public policy cycle, and Etzioni's mixed-scanning model. Findings reveal that Benny Rhamdani's leadership demonstrates strong transformational characteristics at the policy formulation stage, yet the implementation and evaluation of the Credential Letter policy faced gaps in coverage equity (limited to G to G schemes), formal monitoring mechanisms, and dependence on destination countries' compliance. The policy contains four political dimensions, with the symbolic presence of the state as the strongest dimension. The discontinuation of the policy after the leadership transition indicates that vision-based personal leadership requires regulatory institutionalization for sustainability.

Keywords: political leadership; transformational leadership; public policy; protection politics; Credential Letter; Indonesian migrant workers; BP2MI